蜈蚣藻、蜈蚣藻节夹变型和拟厚膜藻卡拉胶的研究

STUDY ON CARRAGEENAN FROM GRATELOUPIA FILICINA,GRATELOUPIA FILICINA VAR. LOMENTARIA AND PACHYMENIOPSIS ELLIPTICA

于1988－1990年对采自青岛的蜈蚣藻、河北的蜈蚣藻节夹变型和浙江的拟厚膜藻所含多糖的产率、物理性质、化学组分和结构进行分析研究。实验结果表明，拟厚膜藻多糖无凝固性；蜈蚣藻多糖凝固性很低；蜈蚣藻节夹变型多糖有些凝固性，是三者中凝固性最好的。在粘度方面，拟厚膜藻多糖的粘度较高。碱处理后的蜈蚣藻节夫变型多糖含有K-和l-卡拉胶，还可能含有混种结构。由三种多糖的红外（IR）和13C核磁共振波谱（13C－NMR）看，它们的结构都很复杂。有待进一步研究。

Grateloupta and Elliptica are abundant in chinese coastline, but theirchethecal components of polysaccharides and resource have not been studiedsystmatically and fully utilized In the paper, the yield, physical properties, chemicalcomponents, and structure of polysaccharides extracted from G. filicina, G. filicinavar. tomentarta and P elliptica were investigated and compared with the results ofother authors. G. filicina was collected from the Qingdao beach in Nov. 1983, G.filicina var lomentaria from the Beidaihe beach, Hebei Provinee, in Aug 1984 and Pelliptica from the Zhoushan Islands in May 1983. Polysaccharide was extracteddirectly from seaweed without alkali treatment G filicina (20.00g) was washed clean,extracted with 0.1% (NaPO3)6 solution (600ml) for an hour in a pressure cooker(9.8×104Pa) at 110℃, then filtrated through bolting silk and fat-free cottonsuccessively. The residue was added to 250ml water and after half an hour, filtratedagain. The filtrates were combined, dehydrated, and weighed. G. filicina var lomentartaand P elliptica were treated as described above polysaccharide was extracted fromalkai-treated seaweed (20.00g) with 300ml 32% NaoH solution for 5 days at3o oC, then washed until it was neutral and extracted again with 0.1% (NaPO3)6solution (600ml) at 110℃, the next proccess was as described above. The gelstrength, viscosity, solidifying point, melting point, sulfate content, 3.6-AG content,IR and 13C-NMR were detendned with the methods of Shi Shengyao et al. (1986,1987). Without alkali treatment, polysaccharide could be adequately extracted from P.elliptica with water directly, but for G. filicina and G. filicina var. lomentaria, theyield was fairly low. The yield was increased when they were extracted with 0.1%(NaPO3)6 solution. The high yield of over 30% was obtained from seaweed withouttreatment by alkali, the highest yeild was 36.4% from P. elliptica. This indicated thatsome polysaccharide was destroyed during treatment with alkali, one percent solutionof polysaccharide without alkali treatment faled to form gel. Its gelation ability wasOPa. Whn the concentration of polysaccharide solution was raised to 3%,polysaccharide from G. filicina still failed to form gel, bu from G. filicina varlomentarta showed weak gelation ability. When 3% polysaccharide solution contained1% KCl, the gel strength of polysaccharide from G. filicina var. lomentaha increasedremarkably, at the same time, polysaccharide from alkalitreated G. filicina alsoshowed a little gelation ablity. Polysaccharthe extracted from seaweed not pretreatedwith alkali contained 17.15% - 18'86% of sulfate. However sulfate content inpolysaccharide from alkali -treated seaweed decreased to 14.04%- 14.84%, 3.6-AGcontent was closely associated with the gelation ability of polysaccharide. It was qintelow in all the polysaccharides extracted from seaweed without alkai treatment. Thelowest yield was 2.21% from G. filicina After seaweed was treated with alkali,3.6-AG content was all increased. Ainong the three seaweeds, 3.6-AG of polysaccharide from G. filicina var. tomentarta showed biggest increased (8.21% to 16.67%)