平衡与非平衡生态学下的放牧系统管理

Grazing system management based on equilibrium and non-equilibrium ecology

本研究回顾了干旱和半干旱放牧系统管理的平衡与非平衡生态学原理,指出了放牧系统管理的生态学基础由平衡生态学向非平衡生态学转变的趋势。对干旱和半干旱放牧系统植被动态非平衡特征进行总结,强调事件-驱动过程在植被动态中的作用,并指出这些非平衡特征对放牧系统管理的涵义。最后,讨论了平衡与非平衡生态学原理对放牧系统管理的适用性,并且以内蒙古锡林河流域草原灌丛化为例,说明了该地半干旱放牧系统管理中引进非平衡生态学观念的必要性。

The equilibrium and non-equilibrium theory, as an ecological base for grazing system management in arid lands, is reviewed in this paper. The conversion from equilibrium to non-equilibrium ecology as applied to arid and semi-arid grazing system management is also explained. Further, some non-equilibrium characteristics of vegetation dynamics are summarized and the role of event--driven process in triggering vegetation shifts is emphasized for arid-lands. Implications of non-equilibrium characteristics for the grazing system management are explicated. In conclusion, the applicability of both the equilibrium and non-equilibrium theory to grazing system management is discussed. Taking the thicketization of steppe as an example, the necessity for introducing the non equilibrium theory into grazing system management in Xi-lin River Basin, Inner Mongolia is pointed out.