1980～2003年某机械集团工伤事故的调查分析

目的:研究机械企业工伤事故的发生规律及主要原因.方法:对某机械集团1980年1月至2003年12月间发生的工伤事故进行回顾性调查,用SPSS10.0建立数据库,并进行统计分析.结果:(1)工伤事故呈逐年下降的趋势,年平均工伤率从80年代的0.263%下降到2000～2003年段的0.106%;夏季比例较高,集中在七月份;工伤事故时点分布在9:00～10:00间发生较高;(2)男性工伤例数显著高于女性;以30～40岁年龄居多,占32.7%;文化程度以高中比例较多,技术等级以中级为主;(3)工伤类别以物体打击和机械伤害为主,分别为工伤总数的40.1%和29.5%;受伤部位以上肢最高,占37.9%,头部(30.8%)其次.(4)违章作业(占40.2%)是引起伤害的最主要原因.结论:应采取加强安全教育、提高职工安全意识、改进设备和改善工作环境等方面综合措施,以减少工伤事故的发生.

Objective ：To study the trend, distribution and main causes of occupational injuries in the machinery corp. in a Chinese city. Methods：To carry out retrospective epidemiological investigation on occupational injuries occurred during Jan. 1980 to Dec.2003. Results： （1 ）The annual rate of occupational injuries declined over 1980-2003, dropped from 0.263% employee in 1980s to 0.106% employee in 2000s. the injuries occurred mainly in Summer （especially in July ）and at 9：00-10：00AM.（ 2 ）The injuries in male were significaltly more than those in female （P 〈0.01 ） ,most casualties were at the age of 30-40 years.（32.7% ）. The senior middle school eduction, secondary technology accounted for the higher proportion among all casualties.（ 3 ）The major types of accidents were objects struck （ 40.1% ） and mechanical equipment injuries （29.5%）. The injuries at hand were the highest, accounted for 37.9% ,most of whom were locksmith; the injuries on the head （ 30.8 % ） were the followed. （4） Occupational injuries were mainly caused by the violation of operation practices which accounted for 40.2 %. Conclusion：we should take comprehensive measure to prevent the occupational injuries ,such as safety education ,improvement of work environment and protective equipment.