金政权南迁与北杂剧的成熟

The Southern Migration of Jin Regime and the Maturity of Northern Drama

本文认为,北曲杂剧是在金政权南迁汴梁后逐渐趋向成熟的,金朝南京(开封)是名副其实的“中华戏剧之都”。北曲杂剧成熟的关键是曲牌联套音乐体制的确立,形成于北宋时期的诸宫调是北曲的不祧之祖,而其由词调向曲调的转化是在金代多民族音乐融会变革的历史进程中完成的。贞祐年间金政权南迁汴京,使这一委顿百年的戏剧之都再度焕发生机,在动荡岁月中沦落社会底层的文人才士与乐工优伶的密切合作使得北曲杂剧迅速进入成熟阶段。

This paper believes that northern drama was gradually mature after the Jin Regime migrated to Bianliang,the southern capital of Jin dynasty (what is now Kaifeng) which was the real capital of Chinese drama. The key to the maturation of northern drama is the establishment of system that set poetic drama to music,the forefather of which is Zhu Gong Tune in North Song Dynasty. The shift from poetry to music is completed in the historical process of the merging of different national music in Jin Dynasty. During the years of Zhen You,the Jin Regime migrated to Bianliang,and this capital of drama that had been lying in dormant for a hundred years came to life again. The literati and minstrels who had been living in ghettoes now worked closely together and promoted the development of northern drama to its maturity.