受落物荷载作用海底管道保护的风险评估

Risk Assessment of Marine Pipeline Protection Against Dropped Objects

海洋工程具有很高的风险,一旦发生恶性事故,就会导致巨大的环境污染和经济损失。尤其是作为海洋石油工程生命线的海底管道,其风险应努力降至最低。然而,货物坠落等事故是不可能避免的。由于受很多不确定性因素的影响,受落物荷载作用管道保护的风险评估课题是很复杂的。文中介绍了风险评估方法。首先讨论了几种确定风险接受准则的方法,它是整个风险分析的基础。接下来从整体角度对风险评估方法进行了解释。最后结合渤海油田某平台设计中的一个工程算例,详细给出了风险评估的具体计算过程,可用此计算方法来解决渤海油田中类似的问题。

Ocean engineering has such a high risk that accidents will result in great economic loss and environment pollution. Especially, marine pipelines, considered as lifelines of ocean oil engineering, are supposed to have a low risk. Unfortunately, accidental events like dropped objects cannot be avoided. Because of many uncertainties involved, the protection of pipelines against dropped objects is very complicated. In this paper, a method of risk assessment of pipeline protection is introduced. Above all, several approaches to determine risk acceptance criteria, as the basis of whole risk evaluation, are discussed. Then, the method of risk assessment is explained in general. At last the procedure of risk assessment is demonstrated in details with a certain engineering example in an oil field in Bohai Gulf, which can be taken as a general means to settle similar problems.