新疆塔里木盆地环境变迁与人类文明兴衰初探——以克里雅河地区为例

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND RISE AND DECLINE OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION IN THE TALIMU BASIN, XINJIANG—Take the area along Keliya River as an example

本文以新疆克里雅河为重点研究,分析了塔里木盆地的环境变迁及其与人类文明兴衰的相关关系,并展示了未来的环境变化。盆地和沙漠的形成与青藏高原的隆起息息相关,第四纪的三次冰期和间冰期的发生,决定了高原和盆地环境变化的序列。其中,中更新世的高原隆升对现代地貌和环境有决定性意义,使沙漠和黄土形成,气候环境总体向旱化方向发展;全新世以来的环境变化或划分出早、中,晚三个不同的干湿期变化。历史时期,人类活动所引起的环境变化与塔里木盆地古丝绸南路文明兴衰紧密相连;近代人类正面临沙漠化扩展,气候变暖的严重挑战。

With the study of environmental changes in the area along the Keliya River. the largest river flowing into the heart of the Talimu Basin, the environmental changes of the whole basin has been studied. The paper stressed on the environmental changes and its relations with the rise and decline of the human civilization during the historical period. Furthermore, the trend of the future environmental changes has been predicted. The formation of the basin and the deserts was closely related with the uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The ages of glacials and inter-glacials have altered since 10.000 years that induced the environmental changes of the plateau and the basin. The plateau elevating played a decive role in forming the mordern landform and environment during the Middle-Pleistocene. Since then, the deserts and loess have been formed, and the climate has become drier over the area. The climatic environmental changes could be divided into three stages, i. e. the Early, Middle and Late Holocene with different temperature and precipitation feature since 1,000 years. During the historical periods, the influence of the human activities on the environment was very significant. The environmental changes have tightly concerned with the rise and decline of the human civilization along the southern of the 'silk road' in the Talimu Basin since 100 years. Nowadays, the mankind is facing the challenge of the warming climate which is suggested by spreading desertification.