权力结构模式与宪政

Power Structure' s Mode and Constitutionalism

建立有效的权力制约机制是人类社会与学界共同努力的目标,在这些努力中,形而上的努力存在两个共同的难点:价值正当性论证的困境与价值实现的困难。与此相对应,一种“实用主义”的努力似乎是更有说服力并具实践上的优势,它旨在通过对权力的分解与合理配置达到权力制的目的。这一努力是通过权力的平面化与层级化来达到的。这一努力使权力分解出基本的构件:单一构件、职能分工构件、不完全分权构件和分权制衡构件。在这些基本构件的基础上,辅之以不同的处理上下级关系的原则,就形成了形形色色的权力结构体系,这些体系可以分成两个理想类型:一是宝塔式权力结构模式,二是网络式权力结构模式。宪政的实质是权力走到法律之下,而要使权力走到法律之下,唯一的方法就是实现网络式的权力结构。

The establishment of efficient restraining mechanism is a common aim of society and academics. In this effort we meet a difficult point, that is the dilemma of demonstration of value＇ s justification and the problem in value＇ s realization. Correspondingly, a “pragmatic”effort appears to be a more convincing and useful method which aims to realize objective through the breaking down and rational re - arrangement of power. This effort decomposes power into following basic units： single unit, functional labor division unit, incomplete decomposing unit and power- balancing unit. With the help of principles dealing with hierarchic relations on the ground of these basic units, various power structure systems completed. The author considers that the nature of constitutionalism is to put power under the law and the only way to realize this is to establish a network- like power structure.