砷剂诱导治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病临床疗效的系统评价

Effectiveness of Inductive Treatment with Arsenic Trioxide for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Systematic Review

目的系统评价三氧化二砷(As2O3)与反式维甲酸(ARTA)等药物比较,诱导治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病(APL)的临床疗效。方法检索MEDLINE(1996～2005.7)、EMBASE(1984～2005.7)、Cochrane临床对照试验资料库(2005年第3期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2005.7),手工检索所有纳入试验的参考文献,评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用RevMan4.2.7软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个随机对照试验,323例患者。Meta分析结果显示,①病死率:2个研究报道As2O3组与ATRA组的病死率或治疗期间合并弥漫性血管内凝血或脑出血患者的病死率差异无统计学意义;②完全缓解率:4个研究的合并结果结果显示,As2O3组与ATRA组差异无统计学意义[RR0.98,95%CI(0.86,1.12)];1个研究显示,其在总用药量不变的情况下,将1次用药改为2次用药并延长用药时间能提高完全缓解率[RR1.31,95%CI(1.05,1.65),P=0.02];③不良反应:As2O3明显低于ATRA。结论当前的有限证据表明,As2O3与ATRA等药物比较降低APL患者的病死率、完全缓解率相当,但不良反应发生率更低;由于纳入研究质量较低需要高质量、大样本的随机、双盲对照试验加以证实。

Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of inductive treatment with arsenic trioxide （As203） for acute promyelocytic leukemia （APL）. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were identified from MEDLINE （ 1966 -July, 2005 ）, EMBASE （ 1984 -July, 2005 ）, The Cochrane Library （ Issue 3, 2005） and CBM- disc （1978 -July, 2005）. The references of eligible studies were handsearched. RCTs ofAs203 treating for APL were included. Data were evaluated and extracted by two reviewers independently with designed extraction form. RevMan 4. 2.7 software was used for data analysis. Results Six RCTs involving 323 patients were included. Two studies reported that there was no statistical difference between As2O3 group and all-transretinoic acid （ATRA） group in mortality for patients with APL or APL patients with complications of desseminated intiavascular coagulation or cerebra hemorrhage. The pooled result of 4 studies showed that there was no statistical difference with RR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.86 to 1.12 in complete remission （CR） rates between the two groups. The result of one study showed that the CR rate of patients with intravenous injection ofAs203 in 2 divided dosages with longer injection duration was higher with RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.12 compared with those with a single intravenous injection. Adverse effects in As2O3 group were less than ATRA group. Conclusions Inductive treatment with As2O3 for acute promyelocytic leukeuia has similar mortality and CR with less adverse effects compared with ATRA. More trials of high quality are required.