具磷灰石假象绿松石的宝石矿物学特征

Features of Gem-Mineralogy of Apatite-Pseudomorphic Turquoise

安徽省马鞍山地区大王山矿区盛产具磷灰石假象的绿松石。针对该类型绿松石的特征,采用X射线粉晶衍射、红外吸收光谱、化学全分析、差热分析等分析测试方法,重点对其宝石矿物学特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,其颜色主要由[Cu(H2O)4]2+和[Fe(H2O)6]3+水合络离子中电子跃迁所致;绿松石中水的存在形式、总量及结合方式在一定程度上制约着绿松石的颜色;表生风化作用的强度在很大程度上影响绿松石的颜色、致密程度、光泽及孔隙度。

Maanshan district of Anhui Province is fruitful of the apatite-pseudomorphic turquoises. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis, infrared absorption spectrum, chemistry analysis and differential thermal analysis have been employed to discuss the features of gemmineralogy of this kind of turquoise in this paper. It has reached a conclusion that the colour of the turquoise results from the electronic transition between orbits of hydrated ions [Cu（H2 O）4]^2＋ and [Fe（H2O）6]^3＋. The existent form and content as well as the combining mode of H2O control directly the colour of the turquoise. Moreover, the intensity of the supergene weathering affects the colour, compact degree and the luster of the turquoise to some extent.