猪体细胞核移植的研究进展和影响因素

The Development and Factors of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Porcine

自2000年Polejaeva I A获得第1头克隆猪后,短短几年时间全世界已有10多例成功的报 道,使得猪的体细胞核移植有了长足的发展,但目前猪的体细胞核移植效率依然低下(1-2％), 人们对核移植中重编程分子机理的认识知之甚少。简要综述了猪体细胞核移植近年来的研究进 展,就猪核移植中的技术难点和影响因素进行了分析,涉及供体细胞种类的选择、体外长期培养 和高压筛选对随后核移植的影响以及供核细胞细胞周期的选择,核质双方的协调,去核和注核方 法的选择,融合和激活程序的优化,妊娠的维持等。

Since Polejaeva IA successfully got the first somatic cell nuclear transfer in porcine in 2000, there have been more than ten successful examples in the world,but the whole efficiency is still very low（ 1 -2% ）,the molecular mechanism underlying animal cloning is not well known, In this article, we describe the recent advances of nuclear transplantation in porcine, analyze the main problems limiting efficiency and review the basic manipulation technologies such as selection of the best donor cell, the impact of long time culture and drug selection, the stage of cell cycle, the coordination of the cytoplast and donor, methods of enucleation and injection, fusion and activation of reconstructed oocytes and pregnancy maintenance.