医院SARS重症监护病区空气传播途径的研究

Air-borne Spread Pathway in Intensive Care Unit(ICU) of Specialized SARS Hospital

目的对SARS重症监护(ICU)病区患者及周围空气等进行研究,为SARS的传播途径提供帮助和证据支持。方法用日本产安德森空气采样器对SARS ICU病区重复2次,对5个病房的空气和病区空调的过滤网、冷凝水取样,分别用RT-PCR和病毒分离培养方法检测。结果SARS ICU病房空气样本中查出SARS病毒,并发现病毒既存在大的生物颗粒上,也存在较小的生物颗粒和病房外空调机过滤网上,表明在ICU病区SARS病毒可能存在近距离飞沫,也存在小的气溶胶的生物颗粒上,随空气在一定范围、一定的时间内传播。结论在SARS ICU病房、病区空气中可能存在SARS病毒,所以加强病区的空气通风与ICU医务人员的呼吸道、黏膜等个人防护是防止SARS传播的关键。

OBJECTIVE The transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） hasn＇t been known and proved completely. The authors studied the patients in SARS ICU and the surrounding air in order to provide help and support for understanding the spread pathway of SARS. METHODS Air-sampling from 5 wards and condensate sampling on filter net of air conditioner in SARS ICU with Nippon-made Anderson air-sampler were done twice,then examined by RT-PCR and virus isolating and culturing method. RESULTS SARS virus was found from air samples of wards in SARS ICU; the virus existed not only on big biological granules, but on lesser ones and on filter net of air conditioner outside of the wards, indicating that the SARS virus existed in air at a certain. CONCLUSIONS There exists SARS virus in the air of SARS ICU wards and sectors areas, therefore, the keys to preventing SARS from spreading are to strengthen the ventilation in sectors, the personal protection of respiratory tract and mucous membrane among medical staff in ICU.