授粉用明亮熊蜂的人工饲养技术

Rearing techniques of Bumbus lucorum.

为提高授粉用熊蜂人工繁育效率,降低生产成本,对明亮熊蜂Bombus lucorum L.人工饲养中诱导蜂王产卵和人工控制下的交配2个技术环节进行了研究.结果表明,采用诱导器和伴饲2～3只蜜蜂工蜂的诱导方法,蜂王产卵率和蜂群成群率最高,成群时间最短;使用塑料诱导器和木制诱导器的效果没有显著差异.将8～9日龄的蜂王和11～12日龄的雄蜂放入交配笼时,其交配成功率最高.交配笼内的蜂王数量应控制在30只/m3左右.在晴天,交配笼放置在室外(758 000 lux),其交配成功率最高;在阴天,交配笼应放在交配室内,并开启荧光灯照明(35 000 lux),其交配成功率最高.

The stimulation oviposition methods and mating control techniques of Bombus lucorum colonies reared were examined in order to increase rearing efficiency of Bombus lucorum colonies reared and reduce costs of production. The results showed that the artificial cocoon together with 2 ~ 3 honeybee workers gave the highest proportion of queens that laid eggs and successful colony production, and the shortest time of successful colony production. There was no significant differences between a artificial plastic cocoon and a artificial wood cocoon. For the mating control technique, the highest mating rate was 8 - 9 days queen mate with 11 - 12 days drone, the number of queens in the mating cage was about 30/ m^3 . There was the highest mating rate when the mating cage was put outdoors on sunny days（758 000 lux） while it can be put in the mating room illuminated with the fluorescence bulbs on cloudy days （35 000 lux）, then the mating rate can also be the highest.