中国涉外收养法律适用问题探析

中国的涉外收养在国内与国际大背景中获得了空前的发展,但中国涉外收养立法仍存在空白点,特别是对涉外收养效力及其准据法选择缺乏明确具体的规定。当今国际社会的通行做法,有的主张涉外收养适用收养人属人法或被收养人属人法,抑或重叠适用收养人与被收养人属人法的,有的坚持适用法院地法或收养发生地法的,还有采取折衷主义或倡导适用与被收养儿童福利相关的最密切联系原则的。在我国制订民法典以及倡导国际私法法典化的过程中,应考虑世界贸易组织框架下国际人员流动的新特点,着重分析研究中国涉外收养法律适用的立法取向,尽可能维护涉外收养效力的国际性或趋同化,努力减少或消除“跛足收养”。

In recent years foreign related adoption have increased rapidly in China. However, there are gaps in Chinese legislation on foreign related adoption, particularly the lack of concrete legal provisions on the effect of foreign related adoption and the choice of applicable laws. In the process of drafting the Civil Code and codification of private international law, China should take into consideration of the international population flow under the framework of WTO, reconsider the legislative orientation of the law on the legal effect of foreign-related adoption, pay attention to its compatibility with international standards, and try its best to eliminate or reduce ＂limping adoption＂.