基因工程重组过敏性蛋白(变应原)研究进展

An Advance in Recombination of Allergenic Proteins By Gene Manipulation

目前,全球大约有25%的人口受到I型变态反应疾病的影响,而对此惟一有效的办法是应用特异性变应原进行免疫治疗(脱敏治疗).在应用天然变应原提取物进行传统免疫治疗的过程中,由于天然提取物应用时的计量很难标准化,因而影响了治疗的效果.而通过基因工程的方法所合成的修饰后高纯度特异变应原在保持过敏性蛋白完整的免疫活性的同时可降低其本身的过敏性,这种修饰后的过敏性蛋白的应用将使免疫治疗更趋于标准化,操作更加安全,最终可达到提高免疫治疗效果的目的.目前,重组修饰过敏性蛋白已经成为过敏性疾病研究的新热点.

Almost 25% of the population in industrialized countries and more than 130 million people worldwide are suffering from Type Ⅰ hyperresponsiveness. Allergen-specific Immunotherapy （SIT） represents one of the few curative approaches toward type Ⅰ hyperresponsiveness. However, there are three major problems with SIT. First, presently SIT is performed with natural allergen extracts, containing mixtures of allergens, nonallergenic and/or toxic proteins, and other macromolecules, which are hard to standardize. Second, systenfic administration of allergen can cause severe 19B-mediated side effects during the treatment on patients, and third, therapeutically effective dose often cannot be achieved because of non-standardized extracts or side effects. Since pure and standardized recombinant allergens can be formulated to replace natural extracts, using genetic engineered allergens for SIT become a possible and promising method for immunotherapy.