种间杂交3个优良早实核桃新品种的选育

Breeding on three new promising and early fruiting walnut cultivars developed by species hybridization

三台核桃Juglans sigillata‘Santai’是我国南方晚实主栽核桃属Juglans良种之一,种实个大,壳薄,仁色浅,食味香纯,品质优良,但种实外观欠美观,结实晚,不耐寒冷霜冻.为改良此品种,开展了核桃属种间新组合(三台核桃×新早13号Juglans regia‘Xinzao No.13’)杂交选育新品种研究.按有性杂交育种程序,经历了亲本选择、杂交、杂种后代培育及杂种优株筛选、杂种优株无性系区域性栽培试验等阶段,选育出3个优良早实核桃新品种,即云新90301,云新90303,云新90306.新品种综合了双亲优势性状,具有早实(栽后2～3 a即开花结果,较亲本三台核桃提前4～6 a),早熟(成熟期较三台核桃早20 d左右上市),丰产(每平方米冠影产仁量明显高于双亲,呈现出明显的杂种优势),优质(外观较美观,综合品质超过双亲),树体矮化,较三台核桃耐寒冷霜冻等优良特性,达到了预期育种目标,展示出良好的推广前景.

Juglans sigillata ‘Santai＇ is the dominating walnut in the southern China, which has many advantages such as big nut, thin-shell, shallow color kernel, aromatic taste, high quality, etc. But a certain characters like bad appearance, late fruiting, weakly resistance for cold, need to develop. Under these cultivars research on species hybridiztion breeding between the new group of Juglans sigiUata background, so new ‘Santai＇ and Juglans regia ‘ Xinzao No. 13＇ were studied for the first time in Yunnan Province. Based on sexual hybridzing cultivation procedure, through five stages of parent selection, hybridization, cultivation of hybridism offspring, excellent trees selection and regionalized cultivation experiment of superior walnut clone, three new superior early fruiting walnut cultivars named as Yunxing 90301, Yunxing 90303, Yunxing 90306 were seleted to cultivate. The new cultivars hold excellent advantages after combining with the characteristics of the parents,, including the following characters of early fruiting （bloom or fruit two or three years after being planted, four to six years early than Juglans sigillata ‘Santai ＇ , precocity （ about 20 days ahead than Juglans sigillata ‘Santai ＇, high yield （represent distinct hybrid-superiority）, lower height and good resistance for cold. The good ends of expectant breeding and the new cultivars with enormous potential for popularization, were gained. [ Ch, 8 tab. 8 ref. ]