中国刑法上的新类型危险犯

On the Dangerous Crimes of New Category in the Criminal Law of China

二元法律结构使中国刑法时犯罪普遍高筑实害的“刑事门槛”,这在一定程度上缓和了人们对危险犯扩张的顾虑。成立危险犯也要求具有较严重程度,不是只要存在危险犯就定罪处罚,这种定量的要求即使对新型危险犯也不例外。刑法的基调应是事后问责,为事先防范而严惩危险犯,也不够妥当。因此,在中国倡导以法益侵害、实害犯为基础的危险及危险犯观念具有重要的现实意义,有利于合理使用刑罚权。

The dual structure of law brings the fact that the criminal law of China built a “criminal doorsill” of actual harm, which to a certain extent abated the apprehension of expansion of dangerous crimes. Serious circumstance is one of the necessary elements of the dangerous crimes, that is, only if the circumstance is serious, the dangerous crimes shah be punished, and this requirement is also applicable to dangerous crime of new category. It is improper to strictly punish the dangerous crimes for the purpose of prevention, because the keynote of the criminal law should be investigating the responsibility after the event. Therefore, advocating the notion of danger and dangerous crime based on legal interest harm and actual harm crime has practical significance and may benefit application of the power of penalty.