论法律保留原则在给付行政中的适用

On Application of the Doctrine of Legal Reservation in Service Administration

与西方国家不同,我国的法律保留是在立法法中规定的。从《立法法》第8条的规定来看,我国存在三种形式的法律保留,即人大法律保留、特殊法律保留、一般法律保留。一般法律保留应该涵盖给付行政,原因是:第一,有助于法院的司法审查及对公民权利的保护;第二,宪法中所未定的剩余权力应归属于人民代表大会。但是,法律保留完全涵盖给付行政又存在着瑕疵:首先,有可能使公民彻底丧失要求给付的法律依据;其次,有可能影响到行政机关的相对独立地位。因此,必须采取措施将前者和对后者的修饰有机结合起来。

Unlike the western countries, the legal reservation in China is prescribed in the law of legislation. According to article 8, there are three kinds of legal reservation, namely, the legal reservation of the people＇s congress, the special legal reservation, and the ecumenical legal reservation. The ecumenical legal reservation should include the service administration; this can be explained from two aspects： 1. it benefits the judicial review and the safeguarding of civic rights; 2. the residual power undecided in constitution should be reserved in the people＇s congress. However, if the legal reservation includes entirely the service administration, there will be defect withal： 1. the citizen may entirely lose the legal warrant to request service; 2. relative self - governed status may be affected. Accordingly, several measures should be taken to integrate the former and the latter.