UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器启动研究

Start-up of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Reaction in UASB Bioreactor

采用一套有效容积为3.2 L的UASB反应器,接种普通城市污水处理厂污泥浓缩池污泥,以自配含NH4+-N和NO2 -N的废水为进水,对ANAMMOX反应过程的启动和运行特征进行了研究.结果表明:进水溶解氧质量浓度为2.7～3.2 mg/L,反应器的启动经历了污泥适应期、ANAMMOX活性表现期及ANAMMOX活性提高期3个阶段,在反应器运行的第119天,NH4+-N和NO2 -N的去除率分别为96.6%, 75.4%,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化过程. 在将NH4+-N浓度从50 mg/L提高到70 mg/L,使进水中 NH4+-N比NO2 -N为1:1.32时,NH4+-N、NO2 -N、TN的去除率分别达到了99.9%,99.9%和91.2%.ANAMMOX反应过程中,去除的NH4+-N、NO2 -N和生成的N03 -N的比例表现为1:1.54:0.30. pH出水高于进水,稳定在8.4左右.碱度进、出水变化不大.获得的具有厌氧氨氧化活性的污泥为褐色,并在反应器的下部形成了褐色颗粒污泥.运行表明,容积负荷、反应区温度对ANAMMOX反应的稳定运行产生明显影响.

The start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （ANAMMOX） process and operational characteristics in a 3.2 L Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket （UASB） reactor seeding with activated sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant was investigated. The UASB bioreactor was feed with artificial wastewater composed of ammonium and nitrite at proper NH4^＋-N/NO2^- N ratio and the influent dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.7 - 3.2 mg/L. The results demonstrated that ANAMMOX process was achieved successfully with high removal efficiencies oF NH4^＋-N and NO2^-N upto 99. 6% and 75.4% after 119 day＇s of operation and acclimation. The removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N, NO2^-N and TN could reach as high as 99. 9%, 99.9%, and 91.2% after the concentration of NH4^＋-N increased form 50 mg/L to 70 mg/L and the ratio of NH4^＋-N to NO2^-N was equal to 1 ： 1.32. Furthermore, the average ratio of removed ammonia, removed nitrite and produced nitrate was 1 ： 1.54 ： 0. 30 at the stable stage of the process. The effluent pH kept around 8.4 and the alkalinity varied a little. The biomass obtained with high ANAMMOX activity was brown. The grain-sludge of brown was found at the bottom of the bioreactor. The operation showed that the volume load and the temperature of reaction part could influence the running of the bioreactor.