第三者评价——日本的大学质量保证体系改革

The Third Party Evaluation: The Reform of Quality Assurance System of Universities in Japan

战后日本的大学质量保证体系是以大学设立时事前评价为中心的许可型质量保证体系,从20世纪90 年代初通过大学设置基准的大纲化缓和了对大学设置等的规制,但同时逐步建立起了从大学的自我评价到第三者评价的质量保证体系,实现了大学质量保证体制与机制的转换。文章试图解析日本以第三者评价为核心的大学评价体系的形成原因、评价的分类,并通过与其他发达国家大学评价体系的比较揭示其特点,希望能从一个侧面为我国高等教育评价体系的改革提供参考。

The quality assurance system of the university in postwar Japan is a permissive one which focuses on the evaluation before the university was established. Though the general outline of the setting norm of universities,which was passed in the early 1990s,made the regulation of the setting of the university relaxed,meanwhile the quality assurance system, which was established gradually from the self-evaluation of universities to the third-part evaluation,realized the conversion of the system and the mechanism of the quality assurance of universities. This paper is trying to resolve the forming cause and the evaluating category of the evaluating system of universities which the third party evaluation is in the core in Japan. Comparing to the evaluating system of universities in the developed countries,and revealing the characteristics of the evaluating system can be used as reference for the reform of the evaluating system of the higher education in China.