联邦政策与华人华侨——谈美国华人华侨政策的演变

Federal Policy and the Chinese and Overseas Chinese——A Talk about American Policies on the Chinese and Overseas Chinese

从19世纪中叶到21世纪初这100多年里,美国政府的华侨政策经过了“歧视→松动→基本放宽”的演变过程。这一演变过程与百多年里美国国内外环境的变化、旅美华人社会地位的逐步提高、美国政府对种族问题认识的逐步改变等因素分不开。美国政府的华人华侨政策,决定了美国华人社会的发展,而美国华人社会自身的变化也影响了美国华侨政策的制定和变化。探讨两者间百多年来互相作用和影响的过程,对今天来说有着积极的现实意义。

For one hundred years from the middle period the 19th century to the years of 21st century, American government policies on overseas Chinese has seen an evolution process from discrimination, flexibly control and basic relaxation. This evolution is closely concerned with the change of America＇ s internal and external environment for more than one hundred years, and with the gradual improvement of the social status of the Chinese sojourning in America and with the progressive change of American government＇ attitude towards racial issues. In a sense, American government policies on the Chinese and overseas Chinese has determined the development of the community of the Chinese in America however, the change of the community of the Chinese in America has influenced the formulation and change of American government policies on overseas Chinese, to explore the process of the mutual action and the reciprocal impact of the afore-said aspects is of some positive and realistic sense to present-day situation.