关于农民工类型的思考

The Types of Migrant Rural Workers

改革开放以来,在农民社会分化的基础上,出现了不同类型的农民工。按其居住地和从事职业的不同,可以划分为在乡在土型、在乡离土型、离乡离土型、离乡在土型四种类型。在乡在土型农民工既在家乡附近的企业打工,又经营土地,二者所得为其经济来源;在乡离土型农民工在家乡附近的企业里打工,不再经营土地,完全把打工收入作为经济来源;离乡离土型农民工离开家乡到外地打工,完全和先前的承包地脱离关系,打工收入为其经济来源;离乡在土型农民工虽然离开家乡到外地打工,但家庭承包地仍然经营着,二者所得为其经济来源。文章的目的在于更深入地研究农民工,认识不同类型农民工的特征、存在的主要问题、需求,为有关部门的科学决策提供依据,有效地解决农民工问题。

Since the reform and opening up, there have been various types of migrant rural workers arising in China. Based on their residing places and occupations, they can be classified into four types： 1） living home and retaining land, 2） living home but abstain- ing land, 3） leaving home and abstaining land and 4） leaving home but retaining land. For the ＇living home and retaining land＇ workers, they work in nearby enterprises and do farming as well. Both offer income source to them. The ＇living home but abstaining land＇ workers work in nearly enterprises, but not doing farming any more. Wages are the sole income source for them. The ＇leaving home and abstaining land＇ workers are employed in factories away from their home and got disconnected with their farming land. Wages are their only source of income. For the ＇leaving home but retaining land＇ workers, they work away from home but still operate the contracted land back at home. Both serve as income source for them.