空间化学推进技术的发展

Development of space chemical propulsion technology

空间化学推进技术包括双组元推进、单组元推进和微推进技术。双组元推进技术的发展,一方面依赖于采用高能推进剂和提高燃烧室压力,另一方面依赖于推进剂提高密度、降低毒性和降低冰点。硝酸羟铵基单组元推进剂密度比无水肼大40%,蒸汽无毒,冰点低于-20℃,有望取代无水肼。现在比较成熟的两个配方硝酸羟铵-甘氨酸-水体系和硝酸羟铵-甲醇-水体系。纳米卫星则需要从微牛级到毫牛级推力的微推进技术。

Technology for space chemical propulsion includes bipropellant propulsion, monopropellant propulsion and micropropulsion. Development of bipropellant propulsion denpends not only on use of high energy propellant and high combustor pressure, but also the high density, decrease of toxocity and freenzing point of the propellants. Density of HAN-based monopropellants is 40 % better than that of the hydrazine. Vapor of HAN-based monopropellants is non-toxic and their freenzing point is below -20℃. HAN-based monopropellants may replace hydrazine possibly. HAN204GLY and HAN269MEO are two mature formula systems of hydroxylammonium nitrate-glycine-water and hydroxylammonium nitrate-methyl alcohol-water. Nano satellites need micropropulsion, whose thrust is from Milli-Newton to μ Newton.