面神经下颌缘支主干的定位解剖学研究

Anatomiaca Investigation of the Bole Location of Ramus Marginalis Mandibulae Nervi Facialis

目的为在面侧区颌下部的手术中防止面神经下颌缘支损伤提供解剖学依据。方法在6具成尸(即12侧)新鲜头面部标本和14具成尸(即28侧)防腐固定标本上,解剖观测面神经下颌缘支的走行、分布,建立相关的坐标体系,得出面神经下颌缘支主干的体表定位坐标参数。结果(1)在面左侧,面神经下颌缘支的主干与下颌支的后缘的交点坐标为(6.0±4.5 mm,20.4±4.3 mm),在下颌骨的前方与下颌骨最靠近的坐标为(38.2±5.3 mm,-2.8±4.6 mm);(2)在面的右侧,面神经下颌缘支的主干与下颌支的后缘的交点坐标为(-6.0±4.5 mm,18.8±5.7 mm),在下颌骨的前方与下颌骨最靠近的坐标为(38.4±4.2 mm,-3.0±5.2 mm)。结论在颌下部有一较为安全的三角形区域,在颌下部手术时可经此三角形区域入路而不损伤面神经的下颌缘支。

Objective To provide the anatomical basis for preventing the ramus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis being injured. Methods The courser, disposition of ramus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis were observed on 12 sides fresh head prosopo - cadavefic and 28 sides antiseptic fixed cadavefic, and the related coordinate axis was established, then the bole body surface allocation and coordinate parameter of ramus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis were gained. Results （ 1 ） On the left side of face, the coordinate of junct of the bole of remus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis and posteromarginal of ramus of mandible is （ 6.0 ± 4.5 mm, 20.4 ± 4.3 mm ） the coordinate of junct of anterior aspect of mandible and inferior border of mand is （ 38.2 ± 5.3 mm, - 2.8 ± 4.6 mm）. （2） On the fight side of face, the coordinate of junct of the bole of ramus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis and posteromarginal of ramus of mandible is （ - 6.0 ± 4.5 mm, 18.8 ± 5.7 mm ）, the coordinate of junct of anterior aspect of mandible and inferior border of mand is （ 38.4 ± 4.2, - 3.0 ± 5.2 mm ）. Conclusion On the inferior part of jaw, there is a comparative safe triangle compass, through which the operation of inferior part of jaw was performed, while the ramus marginalis mandibulae nervi facialis will not be injuried.