论柏拉图政治法律思想的正义观

On Plato's Political and Legal Concept of Justice

柏拉图在他的《理想国》中论述了他的政治法律的正义观,他用整体主义的方法论对城邦人民的社会生活进行了理性设计,把社会依人民的才智和能力划分为三个阶层,各人在其所在的职位应尽其职责,统治阶层应具备为城邦社会谋福利的知识,统治者应该是哲学王。对于柏拉图的这种正义观,我们从人类需要价值的超越性这一点看其对于开启西方政治法律思想的作用,其地位才会明白地显示出来。

Plato inquired into the view of justice in politics and law in his work Republic. In a holistic view, he carried on the rational design for the social llfe of state citizens, dividing the society into three strata according to the intelligence and abilities of the people each with well-developed sense of responsibility at the particular social position. He thought that the ruling class must be the people with the knowledge to strive for the welfare of the society with the ruler being a king of philosophy. For such view of justice, its status will not be clearly demonstrated unless one could discover its role in the initiation of western political and legal ideas in the perspective of value superiority as a basic human necessity,