基因工程创制油菜种子基生物燃油的关键技术

Key Techniques of Genetic Engineering of Rapeseed Based Biodiesel Fuel

生物基燃料的开发研究对保证我国能源安全、改善生态环境都有重要意义。通过系统的基因工程改良创制“能源油菜”,作为生物柴油主要原料,是我国可再生能源战略推进的明智选择。分析了油菜作为生物柴油原料的优势及尚需解决的问题,根据相关领域研究趋势和我国现有基础,提出了油菜种子基生物能源发展的战略构想和重点研究方向:1.进一步提高产量、含油量以提高单位面积产油量。2.利用油菜种子作为口服疫苗等高值蛋白产物生物反应器,提高油菜种子蛋白质部分价值,降低综合生产成本。3.基因工程提高油菜抗逆性和生态适应性,利用海涂、荒坡等非农业用地,解决大规模发展油菜种子质基生物柴油原料种植所需土地问题。4.通过特种脂肪酸组分定向基因调控技术,培育高品位生物柴油专用油菜品种。

Biodiesel refers to a fuel produced by transesterification of oils from plant and animal sources, is generally believed to be an ideal replacement of diesel. It has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. The advantages and bottleneck of use rapeseed oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production had been evaluated. Finally, advises for further researches have been given. And the development of ＂energy rapeseed＂ by systematical genetic improvement and multi-gene coordination regulation had been emphasized.