银川市城市生态承载力分析

Analysis of ecological carrying capacity in Yinchuan

以银川市(包括银川市区、永宁、贺兰、灵武)为案例,从资源消费、能源消费、环境容量、水资源消费等四个方面定量估算银川市2003年的生态足迹,计算、分析银川市生态盈余/赤字情况;预测并分析2004—2020年间银川市生态足迹动态变化.其结果显示未来17年银川市生态承载力不足,生态功能薄弱,生态赤字显著,生态环境面临巨大压力.为使银川市生态承载力保持持续稳固的水平,可通过加快农产品转化及科技水平,提高自然资源单位面积生物产量;开发利用高新技术,提高资源利用效率;发展循环经济;建设节约型社会;加强伦理教育、提高国民节约意识等措施减少生态足迹需求,有效缓解经济和社会发展对城市生态环境造成的压力,以实现银川市城市生态系统的可持续发展.

The method of ecological footprint can reflect the pressure and effect degree of people＇s activity in natural ecological environment, and it can provide the new pathway and study aspect for the study of city＇ s ecosystem. The essay set Yinchuan （including Yinchuan city, Yongning, Helan, Lingwu） as an example, from 4 aspects of resource consumption, energy source consumption environment content, water resource consumption to calculate the ecological footprint of Yinchuan in 2003, calculated and analysed the ecological surplus/deficit of Yinchuan, and forecast and analysed the process of dynamic diversification of Yinchuan ecological footprint. Its result showed that ecological capacity and ecological function were deficient, environment was confronted with enormous pressure in following 17 years in Yinchuan. In order to keep the sustaining and steady level, some ways should be taken to decrease the requirement of ecological footprint and alleviate the pressure of the urban ecological envi- ronment in economic and social development so as to realize the sustainable development of urban ecosystem of Yinchuan, such ways as accelerating agricultural products transform and improving the scientific and technological level and biological output of unit＇s area of natural resources, exploring and utilizing new technology, improving the resource utilization efficiency, developing the recycled economy, building the economical society, strengthening ethical education and improving the national consciousness of frugality, etc.