陕西省鼠疫疫区媒介蚤季节消长研究

Study on the Seasonal Variation of Vector Fleas in Plague Epidemic Area,Shaanxi Provincial

目的掌握鼠疫疫区媒介蚤种类及季节消长规律。方法逐月开展鼠体蚤、窝巢蚤、洞干蚤、室内游离蚤种类及数量调查。结果发现长爪沙鼠鼠体染蚤6种、窝巢染蚤11种,均以秃病蚤蒙冀亚种为优势种;发现室内游离蚤1种,为中华昔蚤。鼠体蚤春夏季明显高于秋冬季;窝巢蚤呈双峰曲线,前峰在4月份,后峰在11月份,前峰明显高于后峰。结论陕西省鼠疫疫区媒介蚤种类、数量、消长规律有别于邻省鼠疫疫区,灭蚤工作宜在春季和冬季进行。

Objective To know the species of vector fleas and their seasonal variation in plague epidemic area. Methods Investigate the species and the amount of the fleas at body, nest, hole of the Meriones unguiculatus and the indoor fleas month by month. Results Six species of fleas were found on the gerbil body and eleven species in nest, the Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi is dominant species at both body and nest. Only one specie Archaeopsylla sinensis were found indoor. The amount of the fleas on gerbil body in spring and summer is far higher than in autumn and winter. The amount of the nest fleas show the double curve, the first apex in April and the second in November, the first apex is higher than the second. Conclusion The species and the amount of the fleas and the rule of vector flea seasonal variation in Shaanxi provincial plague epidemic area is different from in neighborhood province, the control of fleas ought to do in the spring and summer.