偏二甲肼的毒理和接触人员的安全防护

Toxicology of Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine and Protection for Exposed Staff

偏二甲肼是优良的肼类燃料,在军事和航天领域有广泛的应用,但具有毒性、刺激性、挥发性和吸附性,长期低浓度接触人员随工作年限增长,集中出现注意力不集中、记忆力减退、食欲不振、肝功能异常等症状。本文对偏二甲肼的急慢性毒性、吸收途径、中毒症状、中毒机制及代谢作了综述,并在此基础上提出长期低剂量接触人员的安全防护措施。

Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine （ UDMH ） is an important hydrazine fuels that are widely applied to cartier rocket and liquid missile. As a chemical of corrosive, poisonous, irritant and adsorbent, UDMH is harmful to staff. The personnel exposed to UDMH suffered from aprosexia, hypomnesia, hepatitis, etc. along with increasing work duration. Based on the review and analysis of the toxicity, toxic mechanism, poisoning symptoms of UDMH, the authors suggest that health care, nutrition care, strengthen environment inspection, improve physiological adapt ability to the adverse atmosphere are effective protection measures.