从“教化”到“告花子”——汉语中的词义感染

From Jiaohua(教化) to Gaohua Zi(告花子)——The Contagion in Chinese

本文探寻“教化”一词形式变化的基础、过程和原因,并试图对俗语源的产生提出解释。“教化” 在运用中产生了乞求的意义,这种以词语整体性为基础的变化,使它的字面意义和使用义失去照应;基于汉字 的表义作用,人们对它的语义结构进行重新分析,对它的理据提出新的理解,调整了它的书面形式。这种情况 一再发生,产生了“叫化”“告化”等形式。另外,“叫化子”缩略成“化子”与表示骗子的“花子”发生感染,“花子” 有了乞丐的意义,类推作用使这种感染扩散,出现了“叫花子”“告花子”等。

This article analyses the basis and process and reasons by which the form of the word Jiaohua（教化） changed, and tries to explain the phenomenon of the vernacular origin of certain words. For example, the word Jiaohua（教化） gradually gained the nuance of begging in practice. Based on the wholesome of the word, there appeared a kind of gap between the formal meaning and it＇s real meaning in context. Since the Chinese characters can denote concept and ideas with their forms directly, the semantic construction of the word Jiaohua （教化） was reanalyzed and a new comprehension was achieved, resulting the readjust to Jiaohua（叫化） or Gaohua（告化） for the same word/meaning. Furthermore, Gaohua Zi （告花子） was shortened to be Huazi（花子）, and by contagion the latter caused the word Huazi （花子） （i. e. Swindler） to become a synonymous form of beggar. Analogously, the forms J iaohua Zi（叫花子） and Guohua Zi （告花子）appeared.