214例自杀住院患者资料分析

Analysis of the data of 214 commit suicide inpatients

目的了解沿海中等城市自杀住院患者的特征,为预防和减少自杀提供依据.方法对广东省汕头市中心医院2002年1月至2004年12月214例自杀住院患者进行综合分析.结果 214例自杀住院患者年龄最小12岁,最大95岁;21～40岁115例,占53.74%.男女之比为1∶1.46;但41岁以上男性多于女性,男∶女＝1.61∶1.自杀多发季节顺序为:秋,夏,春,冬.第一自杀原因是'与人争吵',占43.46%,其中'与家人(包括配偶、父母、公婆等)争吵'占83.87%.但城市男性与61岁以上老年人第一自杀原因是'躯体疾病',分别占35.48%和62.50%.自杀方式多达10种,以服毒(药)为多,占85.50%.农村自杀患者25.90%服除草剂.治疗无效率9.35%;死亡率5.14%.结论构建和谐社会,避免家庭矛盾,关爱身心疾患者,加强自杀高危人群的健康教育和危机干预,是预防自杀的重要措施;对中年男性尤其城市男性的身心健康问题,社会应给予足够重视.对发生情感激烈冲突者及时给予疏导,并管理好各种毒物和有毒性作用的药品、用品,可以减少冲动型自杀行为的发生.

Objective To find out the characteristics of suicide inpatients in coastal medium-sized city and provide proofs for preventing and reducing commit suicide. Methods The data of 214 commit suicide inpatients in our bospital from 2002 January to 2004 December were analyzed. Results Among the 214 cases, the youngest was 12 years old, the oldest was 95 years old. 115 cases were aged form 21- 40 years old, 53.74 %. The ratio of men to women was 1： 1.46. But the number of men aged over 41 years exceeded women＇s, of which the ratio of men to women was 1.61 ： 1. The seasons ordered by suicide frequency was autumn, summer, spring and winter. The first reason of suicidal was “quarrelling with the person”, about 43.46%, of which 83.87% quarrelling with the families （including quarrelling with spouse, parents, husband＇s father and mother etc ）. But the first suicidal reason of urban man and old person aged over 61 years old was “body disease”, about 35.48% and 62.50% respectively. The means of suicide were up to 10 kinds, of which the first place was taking poison （medicines）, about 85.50 %. 25.90 % of suicide persons in countryside who committed suicide by taking weed killer. Conclusion The important measures to avoid suicide are to structure the harmonious society, avoid family ＇ s contradiction and care for the patients with physical and psychological disease. More attention should be paid on middle aged men, especially urban men with physical and psychological health problems. It is important for reducing impulse suicide to dredge the high-risk persons when they were in emotion confliction in time and manage well the poisonous medicines and toxicant.