论10~11世纪德意志的帝国教会体制

On the Imperial Church System of Germanyin 10^(th)～11^(th) Centuries

10~11世纪,德意志存在一种帝国教会体制,其实质是王权主导下的王权与教会间的共生共存关系。在这一体制下,教会机构成为国王的政治机器,教会首脑成为国王官吏,同时国王则全力维护教会的特权和利益。在萨克森王朝统治时期,帝国教会体制成为德意志强大王权的一根重要支柱。但从长远来看,这一体制也存在严重隐忧。“主教授职权之争”以后,帝国教会体制瓦解,王权开始面临严峻的挑战。

Germany had a kind Of imperial church system in 10^th-11^th centuries, the essence of which was the symbiosis of the German church and kingship by leading of kingship. Church organization became royal political machine and high priests became royal officers, meanwhile, German kings safeguarded energetically the privileges and benefits of church. The imperial church system played a mainstay for kingship in the period of Saxony House, but in view of long-term development, it had some serious secret dangers for kingship. After “Investiture Contest”, the imperial church system collapsed, so German kingship faced serious challenges.