2Neuhaus H.Randomized study of intracorporeal laser lithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for difficult bile duct stones[J].Gastrointest Endosc,1998,47:327-332.
7Teng P,Nishioka NS,Anderson RR,et al.Optical studies of pulsed laser fragmentation of biliary calculi[J].Appl Phys B,1987,42:73-78.
8Teng P,Nishioka NS,Anderson RR,et al.Acoustic studies of the role of immersion in plasma-mediated laser ablation[J].IEEE J Quantum Electron,1987,23:1845-1852.
9Lo EY,Petschek H,Rosen DI.A hydrodynamic model for the laser induced fragmentation of calculi[J].Laser Life Sci,1990,3:233-244.
10Steven AS,Frederic MD,Babaeddin J,et al.Mechanisms of biliary stone fragmentation using the Ho:YAG laser[J].IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,1994,41:276-283.
二级参考文献15
1[1]Brick A, Kirkin A F, Zuthen J, et al. Expression of basis fibroblast growth factor in primary and melastatic melanoma from the patients. Melanoma Res,1999;9(4): 375～381
2[3]Yip KH, Lee F, Tam PC. Holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi: An outpatient procedure.J Endourol, 1998;12:241～246
3[4]Wollin T A, Razvi HA, Denstedt JD. Identifying stone composition using infrared analysis of filtered urine after ureteroscopic lithotripsy. J Endourol, 1998;12:523～527
4[5]Van leeuwan TG. Noncontact tissue ablation by holmium:YAG laser pulses in blood. J Laser in Surgery and Medicine,1991;11:26～29
6Kourambas J, Delvecchio FC, Preminger GM, et al. Low-power holmium laser for the management of urinary tract calculi, structures, and tumors. J Endourol,2001,15 :529-532.
7Mugiya S,Nagata M, Un-No T, et al. Endoscopic managemeng of impacted ureteral stones using a small caliber ureteroscope and a laser lithotriptor. J Uro1,2000,164:329-331.
8Bagley D, Erhard M Use of the holmium laser in the upper urinary tract. Teeh Urol, 1995,1:25-30.
9Thomas Zorcher, Jurgen Hochberger, Kari-michaelSchrott, et al. In vitro study concerning the efficiency of the Frequency-Doubled Double-Pulse Neodymium : YAG Laser (FREDDY) for lithotripsy of calculi in the urinary tract. Lasers Surg Med,1999 ,25 :38-42.
10Yip K H, Lee F, Tam P C. Holmiumlaser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi: an outpatient procedure. J Endourol, 1998,12: 241- 246.
