乌头类中药的胚胎毒性及致畸性

Embryotoxicity and Teratogenecity of Aconitum in Rats

目的:研究乌头类中药盐附子、生川乌、生草乌的胚胎毒性及致畸性。方法:选用SD大鼠,实验分为5组:盐附子1.14 g生药/kg,3.43 g生药/kg;10.30 g生药/kg,生川乌13.0 g生药/kg;生草乌8.3 g生药/kg,另设阴性对照(蒸馏水)组和阳性对照(维生素A)组,试验组和阴性对照组大鼠于妊娠第7至16天,阳性对照组大鼠于妊娠第9至12天灌胃给药。结果:盐附子10.30 g生药/kg剂量组和生川乌13.0 g生药/kg剂量组、生草乌8.3 g生药/kg剂量组对大鼠都出现了轻微母体毒性(孕鼠体重增加缓慢和摄食量减少);与阴性对照组比较,生草乌8.3 g生药/kg剂量组出现胎鼠身长减小,胸骨骨化数减少(P<0.05);其余无异常。结论:在本实验条件下,乌头类中药盐附子、生川乌、生草乌对大鼠均无致畸作用;生草乌8.3 g生药/kg有一定的胚胎毒性。

AIM： To study the embryotoxicity and teratogenecity of aconitum（Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii） in rats. METHODS ： SD rats divided into 7 groups, were given Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata （1.14 g materia medica/kg, 3.43 g materia medica/kg, 10.30 g materia medica/kg）, Radix Aconiti（13.0 g materia medica/kg）, Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii （8.3 g materia medica/kg）, negative control （distilled water）, and positive control （vitamin A）. Administration to the rats of treatment groups and negative control group lasted 10 days from the 7th to 16th day after pregnancy, but administration in the positive control group were given for 4 days,lasting from the 9th to 12^th day after pregnancy. RESULTS： Malformation of external, internal organ and bone weren＇t found in fetuses treated with three doses of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. But the body weight growth and food consumption were reduced in the pregnant rats at the high dose of three drugs, and the body length and the breastbone calcification of fetuses decreased at 8.3 g/kg dose of Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii. CONCLUSION： The results indicated that Aconitum （ Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii） didn＇t induce teratogenecity to the rats, but Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii shows embryotoxicity to the fetus.