康雍乾时期河北地区的水旱灾害对农民经济的影响

The effect of Hebei prefecture's flood and drought disasters on farmers' economy in Kang ,Yong and Qian periods

历史上河北地区就是水旱等自然灾害的多发区,康雍乾时期更为突出。水旱灾害直接破坏了劳动力和农业生产的物质技术装备,造成土地的荒芜;使得人口迁移带有浓厚的逃荒色彩,人口买卖较平常年份更为突出;粮价波动,使农民与粮食市场的关系更为紧密;土地经营关系发生明显变化,分成租成为灾害下主佃双方都能接受的一种形式,为土地的转手和兼并造成了便利的条件。

In history, Hebei prefecture has often suffered from flood and drought disasters, which were even more serious in Kang, Yong and Qian periods. Flood and drought disasters destroyed labor force, material and technological equipment of agricultural production and land. Population migration had the color of fleeing from famine. Population buying and selling was more common compared with average years. The corn price fluctuated, which made the relation between peasants and grain market closer. The land-use relation changed greatly. Métayage and land rent were accepted by both landlords and tenants, which made land deal and annexation easier.