城市儿童饮食行为与其营养状况的多重对应分析

Homogeneity analysis of city children's food choice behavior related to their health

目的深入了解城市儿童饮食行为与他们营养状况之间的关系,为改善儿童的饮食行为和促进健康提出科学的应对策略与措施.方法选择福州和莆田2个城市4所小学的1～6年级小学生做为研究对象,采用自制的调查表进行调查,并使用多重对应分析对结果进行分析.结果在儿童的各种不良饮食行为中,最常见的分别为挑食偏食(19.2%)、常喝含糖饮料(15.5%)和常吃甜食(11.7%).有21.3%的儿童营养不良,23.3%的儿童超重或肥胖,只有55.4%的儿童营养状况正常.儿童消瘦与挑食偏食严重和不吃早餐有关;儿童超重或肥胖与不挑食偏食和有时吃西式快餐有关;儿童营养状况正常与常吃早餐、不挑食偏食,以及不吃腌制食品和西式快餐有关.结论福建省2城市4所小学学生的不良饮食行为及营养状况欠佳的发生率均较高,要重点改善早餐行为、挑食偏食行为和进食西式快餐行为,促进儿童的健康.

Objective To study the correlation between food choice behavior and health for providing a scientific basis to improve the food behavior and promote normal growth. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to survey the pupils from 1-6 grades of 4 elementary schools in Fujian province. Results obtained were analysed using homogeneity method. Results Food preference, often drinking sugary beverages and often eating sweet foods were three common bad dietary habits among these children, and the percent reached 19.2%, 15.5% and 11.7% respectively. There were 21.3% of children with malnutrition,23.3% with overweight or obesity, and only 55.4 % with nutrition normality. Children＇s malnutrition was related to food preference and not having breakfast frequently. Overweight or obesity was related to no food preference and eating Western-style fast food sometimes. Children＇s normal nutrition status was related to having breakfast every day, no food preference and not eating salted food and fast food. Conclusion The incidence of food preference and malnutrition in children surveyed is higher. Special attention should be paid to not taking breakfast, food preference and taking Westem-style fast food for improving children＇s health.