流动人口在北京中心区和近远郊区分布差异的调查研究

Distribution Differentiation of Imigrants in Central Part,Near Suburb and Outer Suburb of Beijing

为深入认识中国流动人口在城市内不同地带就业、生活的分布状态与分布差异,选择北京为例,着重社会学角度,分析研究了流动人口在北京中心区、近郊区、远郊区三个地带的分布差异。发现:①中心区、近郊区、远郊区的流动人口在人口来源地、来京时间长度、年龄结构、教育水平、职业构成、收入水平、居住状况、未来愿望等诸方面存在明显的地带分布梯度差异;②除教育程度相对较低外,中心区是来源地较近、年龄较大、来京时间较长、收入相对较高、就业相对稳定、消费水平相对较高之外来人口聚集地;③近远郊区是来源地较远、年龄较轻、来京时间较短、收入相对较低、就业稳定性较差、消费水平相对较低而教育程度却相对较高的外来人口主要分布区。

Based on the practical data from the field survey conducted in 2004 by the authors, the official network bulletin and the statistical materials, this paper studies the distribution differentiation of the immigrants in the three areas of centre, near suburb and outer suburb of Beijing in their original hometowns, ed age structure, employment, unemployment, professional training, income, consumption and future so on, for the further understanding of the regional ucation level, planning and distribution differentiation of immigrants in the other large tities of China. This paper found： 1 ）Distribution differentiations of the immigrants in their age structure, time of their staying in Beijing, education level, employment, income, consumption, housing and willing for future migration are very clear in the three belts in general, and the characteristics of regional distribution differentiation of the migrants in the city proper in some respects are particularly different form those of the immigrants in the near and outer suburbs. 2）The city proper is the major settlement area for the immigrants with nearer hometowns to Beijing, longer stay time in Beijing, higher income, relatively stable employment etc. , but with lower education level than those of the immigrants in near and outer suburbs. 3 ） Near and outer suburbs are the major settlement areas for the immigrants with farther hometowns, shorter stay time in Beijing, lower income, relatively unstable employment but higher education level and so on. 4） Some similar phenomena of the immigrants might be found in the other big cities in China, so it is an interesting question which needs further to study.