秦末以来秦都咸阳地貌演变

Landform Evolution of Xianyang as Capital since the End of the Qin Dynasty

秦都咸阳地貌演变研究是秦咸阳考古和关中地区历史环境演变研究不容忽视的问题。秦末以来,秦都咸阳地貌演变包括渭河河道北移和咸阳原边坡地貌变化两个方面。通过文献考证与实地考察恢复了秦末、唐、明、清各代渭河的河道位置,秦末以来秦都咸阳段渭河河道北移4 100 m,平均北移速度1.876 4 m/a,明代以前北移较慢,以后北移速度显著加快,清顺治至现代北移速度达到5.970 1 m/a。咸阳原南侧边坡上的中小切沟主要是秦以后形成的。原坡上的村庄平台是历史上人为斩齐原坡,挖掘窑洞,引起原边逐步后退的结果,是咸阳原边坡人为地貌演变的体现。

The study on the landform evolution of Xianyang, Qin Capital, is an important problem not to be neglected in the archeology of Xianyang and the study on the historical environment evolution of Guanzhong Basin area. The landform evolution of Xianyang since the end of Qin Dynasty contains two aspects, the northward moving of the Weihe River bed and the changing of the edge slope of Xianyang tableland. With textual research on documents and on-the-spot investigation, this paper displays the different sites of the Weihe River bed from the end of the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. Since the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Weihe River bed in the reaches of Qin imperial capital area moved 4100 m toward north at an average moving speed of 1. 8764 m/a. Before the Ming Dynasty the moving speed was comparatively slow, which was obviously accelerated afterwards. From Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty to modem times, the speed of northward moving reached 5. 9701 m/a. The numerous short gullies of the edge slope of Xianyang tableland took shape mainly after the end of the Qin Dynasty. The village platform on the edge slope of Xianyang tableland resuits from landform change caused by people in their cutting the original slope and digging their living caves.