滑坡及危岩(崩塌)防治工程措施选择与工程设置

Selection of control engineering measures and installation for landslide and dangerous rockbody

滑坡和危岩(崩塌)治理工程措施较多,措施组合可变性大,每种工程措施都有其相应的应用条件,不宜性、适宜性和最佳配置组合。治理工程措施选择应充分考虑治理工程功能性的具体要求、在不同工况条件下的安全性及耐久性、工期要求和投资的经济性以及后期维护的要求、工程岩土体性质及其蓄水后的变化、场地条件、施工技术条件、地方材料资源等具体制约因素以及环境保护的要求。在三峡水库区二期地质灾害防治工程国家级验收总结的基础上,对滑坡与危岩(崩塌)常用防治工程措施(排水、削方减载、回填压脚、抗滑桩、重力式抗滑挡墙、预应力锚索、格构锚固、拦石墙等)的工程适用条件、工程设置及不宜性进行了详细的分析,并提出工程设置应考虑及注意的问题。

There are many control measures available at present for landslides and dangerous rock bodies, such as stabilization, protection, or warning methods or a combination of these basic methods. Each engineering method has itself applicable condition. There is also the best suitable combination of basic methods for an individual landslide or dangerous rock body to be controlled. All concerned for setting up a remedial and maintenance program should understand the performance requirements, time limit for the project, the cost, the maintenance, geology, construction conditions, environmental protection, building material, and the stability change of the slope with time and the reservoir filling, stability under different combination of loads. In this study, the authors summarize the experience obtained from previous the second stage of remedial measures program in the Three Gorges reservoir, and on second thoughts, suggest an engineering guide here. Detailed analysis has been carried out for various remedial measures, including surface and subsurface drainage, reducing unstable or potentially unstable material, flattening the slope, reducing weight from the upper part of the slope, anti-slide, gravity retaining wall, stressed anchoring cable, anchored trelliswork, catch wall. Some relevant range of application, unadvisability, layout, and precautions are presented.