不同培养料栽培对虎奶菇菌核营养价值以及重金属含量的影响

Effects of Different Culture Mediums on Nutritional Value and Contents of Heavy Metals in Pleurotus taber-regium's Sclerotium

以豆科牧草圆叶决明料、木屑料、棉籽壳料以及木屑+棉籽壳料栽培虎奶菇,研究不同培养料对虎奶菇菌核营养价值以及重金属含量的影响,以明确牧草作为培养料栽培虎奶菇的可行性及其重要意义。结果表明,圆叶决明培养料栽培的虎奶菇菌核中多不饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,分别为53.6%和55.4%,依次比木屑料、木屑+棉籽壳料、棉籽壳料高16.8%、12.6%、55.0%和5.1%、10.8%、4.1%。木屑料、圆叶决明料、木屑+棉籽壳料、棉籽壳料栽培的虎奶菇菌核中所含3种重金属(Hg、As、Cd)量均达到国家卫生指标要求,其中豆科牧草圆叶决明料栽培的虎奶菇菌核中Hg、Pb含量最低,仅0.083和0.001mg·kg-1。4种培养料栽培的虎奶菇菌核中P、K、Ca、Mg、Na以及微量元素和氨基酸含量有所不同,但其蛋白质营养价值综合评价的位次为:木屑+棉子壳料>圆叶决明料>木屑料>棉子壳料。

Pleurotus taber-regium was cultivated with four kinds of mediums i.e Chamaecrista rotundifolia, sawdust, cottonseed hulls and sawdust ＋ cottonseed hulls, respectively. And effects of different culture mediums on nutritional value and contents of heavy metals in Pleurotus taber-regium＇s sclerotium were studied in order to realize the feasibility of the scheme that grasses were used to cultivate edible fungi and its meaning. The result showed that the contents of poly-unsaturated fatty acids （PUSFA） and unsaturated fatty acids （UFA） in Pleurotus taber-regium planted in the medium of Chamaecrista rotundifolia were highest, with 53,6% and 55.4%, respectively; increased by 16.8%, 12.6%, 55.0% and 5.1%, 10.8%, 4.1% than those of the treatments of sawdust and sawdust＋cottonseed hulls, respectively. The contents of Hg, As and Cd in Pleurotus taber-regium with different culture mediums were all lower than national healthy standard. The contents of Hg and Pb in the treatment of Chamaecrista rotundifolia were lowest, with 0.083 mg·kg^-1 and 0.001 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and trace elements together with amino acids in Pleurotus taber-regium with different treatments were different. Based on the integrated nutrition evaluation of protein, the order of them was： sawdust＋cottenseed hulls〉 Chamaecrista rotundifolia 〉 sawdust 〉 cottenseed hulls. On the basis of integrated analysis of the above, we considered that it was feasible to replace other culture mediums with grasses in the way of the cultivation of Pleurotus taber-regium.