太湖地区农村生活垃圾管理模式与处理技术方式探讨

Management and Treatment of Rural Refuse in Tailake Region

为探索太湖地区区域农村生活垃圾可行的管理模式,依托宜兴市大浦镇2个行政村示范运行的生活垃圾收集系统,对该区域农村生活垃圾的产生状况和管理背景进行调查,并结合当地可能的物流消纳去向对其处理技术方式和管理模式进行了分析。结果表明,研究区域的农村现状生活垃圾产生率为0.15～0.27kg·人-·1d-1,产生密度为0.17t·km-·2d-1,均远低于周边城市。生活垃圾组成以可堆肥物和废品为主,废品类垃圾中可通过现有回收市场分流的占17%。农村生活垃圾不适合填埋和焚烧处理,宜通过源头分拣(废品回收)和后续的堆肥农肥化,利用现有物流容量条件消纳。生活垃圾收集成本为3.4元·户-·1月-1,可利用村民的支付意愿筹集平衡;后续处理成本为455元·t-(1农肥),有可能通过产品出售平衡,使处理设施的企业化运行具有可行性。

In Tailake Region, rural refuse is one of the major non-point pollution sources, which may cause environmental risk in rural areas. Based on two demonstrate collection systems in two villages located in this region, rural refuse production and local management-related background were investigated, and combined with possible fate of waste material flow, feasible rural refuse treatment technologies and management practices were analyzed. The results showed that the region produces 0.15-0.27 kg of rural refuse per capita per day or 0.17 ton of rural refuse per square kilometer per day, much lower than that produced by nearby city. The rural refuse was mainly composed of compostable waste and recyclable materials, 17% of the latter could be recovered by present recycle market. Neither landfill nor incineration was suitable for rural refuse treatment, it was preferable to be dealt with through source separation （resource recovery） followed by composting and fertilization. The cost for rural refuse collection will be 5.4 RMB per family monthly that is voluntarily affordable by villagers; subsequent treatment will cost 455 RMB per ton of fertilizer that is balanced by profit of product; therefore, it is feasible to operate the treatment facilities by private company.