龙胆类药材的数码显微鉴定

Microscopic identification of commercial Radix Gentianae by digital imaging technique

目的对收自全国11个地区的龙胆类商品药材进行鉴定,了解龙胆类药材的主流品种和真伪情况。方法在性状鉴别的基础上,采用显微数码成像技术,对龙胆类商品药材进行了显微鉴别。结果商品药材基源植物为龙胆Gentiana scabra Bunge、条叶龙胆G.manshurica Kitagawa、三花龙胆G.triflora Pall.、坚龙胆G.riges-cens Franch.和头花龙胆G.cephalantha Franch.。结论目前龙胆类药材的主流品种是坚龙胆(占5/12),三花龙胆居次(2/12),龙胆和条叶龙胆尚可见到。头花龙胆与坚龙胆较难区别,是坚龙胆的混淆品。本文拍摄的数码照片真实、直观地反映了药材的显微构造,可为该类药材的鉴定提供依据。

Objective To identify the commercial drugs of Radix Gentianae （ Longdan） collected from 11 different areas and to learn which was the main current original species and if there were fakes in markets. Methods Based on the morphological identification, we further studied the microscopic structures of the collected samples by digital imaging technique. Results Five species, i.e. Gentianct scabra Bunge, G. manshurica kitagawa, G. triflora Pall. , G. rigescens Franch. and G. cephalantha Franch. , were found in the 12 samples from 11 areas. Conclusions The main current species was G. rigescens （5/12）. G. cephalantha is the main adulterant of G. rigescens due to the similarity between them. Moreover, the digital photographs offered by this paper truly reflected the main microscopic characteristics of the commercial Radix Gentianae and the fakement, and thus can be used for the identification of the drugs.