加拿大电子证据法对英美传统证据规则的突破

Canadian Electronic Evidence Act Breaking through Traditional Evidence Rules in Common Law System

电子证据对传统英美证据规则的挑战主要涉及最佳证据规则、鉴证规则和传闻规则。加拿大《统一电子证据法》直接以“电子记录”和“电子记录系统”来界定电子证据,突破了传统最佳证据规则对“原件”的要求,新创设“系统完整性”标准来解决电子证据中有关最佳证据的问题,规定鉴证只需验证电子记录系统的完整性与可靠性即可,并对传闻规则中的宣誓和交叉询问作出了新的规定。中国有必要借鉴国外的先进立法经验,讨论有关电子证据的立法模式与立法内容问题。

Electronic evidence has brought challenges to traditional evidence rule such as Best Evidence, Authentication Rule and Hearsay Rule. Uniform Electronic Evidence Act of Canada is an advanced legislation, taking directly electronic record and electronic records system as electronic evidence. The Act sets the standard of integrity and reliability of electronic records system to satisfy the Best Evidence Rule and Authentication Rule. New contents of affidavit and tion are included in the Act. It＇s necessary for China to learn from the advanced experience of Canada and draw up our electronic evidence law.