物权立法中七个疑难问题之我见

Seven Difficult Problems of Legislation in Real Right Law

我国未来物权法,对于不动产登记簿的开放对象应当有所限制,但对于开放内容不应有所限制;物权人的返还原物请求权不应当适用诉讼时效;应当建立取得时效制度,并应区分一般动产、准不动产、未登记不动产而规定不同的成立条件;在动产的转让人为无权处分而受让人为善意的情况下,转让人与受让人之间的合同是否有效不应当以“无权处分”为条件,只有在转让合同无效的情形下,受让人取得标的物的所有权才是依善意取得制度的取得,此时的取得是原始取得;在共同共有的情形下,原则上处分共有物应当经共有人全体一致同意,但应容有若干例外;不应当规定居住权;动产抵押的公示方式问题无法彻底解决,如果规定动产抵押,应当实行登记要件主义,适于烙印、打刻或贴标签的动产,应当采取烙印、打刻或贴标签的方式,其他无法解决公示方式的动产应当禁止抵押;主债权履行期届满后,抵押权人行使抵押权,原则上不应当有一个时间限制,但抵押人非为债务人时可容有例外;在债务人不偿债时,抵押权人不能直接让抵押人交出抵押物,实现抵押权,但可以持抵押权登记簿副本直接申请法院拍卖抵押物。

In our future real right law, there should be some limitations to the open objects, but not the open contents in the property register of immovables; Lawsuit time limit should not be applied to return protoplast right of applicant; We had better constitute positive prescription system; Powerless punish should not affect the force of contracts when the endorser has no right, but the transferee is well-meanlng; There should be proper toleration to the unanimous consent principle on punishing mutual thing; We should prohibit mortgaging to some movable property which has no way to open; There should not be the time limitation when mortgager realizes the hypothec after the fulfilling term of primary creditor＇s rights is over, except that mortgager is not the debtor; When the debtor do not refund the debt, the mortgager cannot get the guaranty directly, but he may put in for the court to auction guaranty.