论传统买卖之债的担保制度

Ancient China Guarantee of Contracts of Sale

买卖契约是中国古代最重要的民事契约之一。为了保障交易安全,保证买卖之债的实现,官府法令与民间习惯均要求买卖双方尤其是卖方,必须在契约订立时明确各类担保条款。古文献资料记载和出土文物显示,出现在我国古代买卖契约中常见的担保方式为瑕疵担保、追夺担保、恩赦担保和信用担保。传统买卖之债的担保制度,在今天除恩赦担保完全失去价值外,其余则对现代市场经济进一步培育诚信公平理念,不无借鉴意义。

A contract of sale is one of the most important civil contracts. In ordcr to secure the security of deals and achievement of the contractual liability, both of the official decrees and folk customs required that the parties to the contract of sale must make the article of guarantee clear in their contracts. From old documents and unearthed cultural relics, we can know that there , recovery guaranty, amnesty guaranty and credit guaranty. Traditional systems of guarantee in contractual liabilities, apart from amnesty guaranty that has no value today, are important for us to use for ret＇erence in the course of the development of the spirit of fair competition in the modern market economy.