陕北林地啮齿动物群落多样性研究

Rodent Community Diversity in Forest Lands of North Shaanxi

通过聚类分析和主成分排序,陕北林地啮齿动物群落被划分为3个类型。吴旗林区的啮齿动物群落是典型的黄土高原风沙区林地群落类型,种类较多,密度变化较大,优势种为中华鼢鼠和跳鼠类。对林木造成巨大危害的种类主要为中华鼢鼠和草兔。退耕林地啮齿动物群落保持了原农田群落的特点,其桥山林区的群落优势种是甘肃鼢鼠,而吴旗林区退耕林地为中华鼢鼠。桥山林地啮齿动物群落种类和生物量因植被状况较大差异,天然次生林种类较少,密度较低,优势种是达乌尔黄鼠和松鼠类。灌木疏林林地群落兼有天然次生林的啮齿动物群落和农田啮齿动物群落的特性,优势种为达乌尔黄鼠和松鼠类。次生林全面清坡造林幼林地,其群落优势种为甘肃鼢鼠。

3 types of rodent communities were classified in forest lands of North Shaanxi by clustering and principal components analyzing. The Wuqi community is the representative community in dune area of the Loess Plateau area. There were more species and different densities. The dominant species were Chinese zokor and jerboa. The key species damaging the forests were Chinese zokor and grass rabbit. The forest community returned from farmland retained the characteristics of original farmland. Its dominant species was Gansu zokor in Qiaoshan, and Chinese zokor in Wuqi. The species and biomass of community in Qiaoshan forest land have bigger variety because of the vegetation condition. The species in the natural secondary forest were fewer and the density was lower, the dominant species were yellow mouse and squirrel. The community in shrub forest owned both the characteristics of natural secondary forest and farmland, its dominant species were yellow mouse and squirrel too. In clear cutting forest, the dominant species was Gansu zokor.