甘肃省春小麦生态气候适宜度在适生种植区划中的应用

STUDY ON ECO-CLIMATE APPLICABILITY OF SPRING WHEAT FOR CONDIGN PLANTING DIVISION IN GANSU PROVINCE

用甘肃省春麦区31个县区1970～2000年的旬平均气温、旬日照时数、旬降水量、≥0 ℃积温、海拔高度等建立春小麦生态气候适宜度隶属函数和综合适宜度,结果表明:春小麦对海拔高度适宜度在0.15～0.85之间,最小出现在定西和古浪,最大值在金塔和敦煌.≥0 ℃的积温适宜度与海拔高度适宜度趋势基本一致.旬平均气温适宜度在0.35～0.56之间,说明气温对春小麦生产较适宜.用积分回归分析春小麦在不同气候类区不同生育时段生态气候条件的贡献系数,温和平川绿洲灌区光、温、水要素的平均贡献系数最高,温暖沿沙漠绿洲灌区次之,冷凉浅山半灌溉区、温凉半干旱旱作区最小.用生态气候适应性对春小麦的影响程度和依赖度及产量,确定生态气候区划综合指标体系将春小麦划分出5级适生种植区划,并提出利用和开发生态气候资源有效途径.

Based on Meteorolgical data, such as 10-day average temperature, sunlight times, precipitation, accumulated temperature（≥0℃ ） ,altitude above the sea level and etc, a integrated contribution index and a function of eco-climate applicability for spring wheat are established. Results show that the applicability of spring wheat to altitude is between 0.15-0.85 with minimum values in Dingxi and Gulang, maximum values in Jinta and Dunhuang; the applicability to accumulated temperature（≥0℃） has the same tendency with altitude; applicability to 10-day average temperature is with 0. 35--0. 58, which indicates the temperature is suitable to the spring wheat growing. Afterwards, by the way of integral regression, the contributive coefficients in different climate regions and growth phases are analyzed for spring wheat. It suggests that the average contribution coefficients of sunlight, temperature and water has maximum values at moderate plain, oasis irrigated area; medium values at warm desert oasis irrigated area; and minimum values at cold hill half-irrigated area. The influence and relying of spring wheat on eco-climate applicability is studied too. Finally , the integrated division index of eco-climate is confirmed, the planting division of eco-climate applicability is divided into 5 grades. Also, a effective approach of exploiting and developing the eco-climate resources is proposed.