用地理信息系统改进热带气旋的客观定位精度

TO IMPROVE THE OBJECTIVE POSITION PRECISION OF TC WITH GIS

基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,简称GIS)技术,初步建立了一个能集成多种数据资料和多种算法的热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,简称TC)客观定位系统。其中不同卫星及同一卫星不同波段资料(如Quikscat洋面风场、云顶亮温等)的矢量及栅格信息的叠加和分析功能,有助于从多个侧面揭示TC的结构特征;而多种定位方法(如云图形态分析法、云顶亮温极值法、洋面风场涡度极值法、数学形态学算法等)的客观化及其综合运用的实现,不仅可以减小TC定位过程中的随机(人为)误差,而且能提高TC定位工作的效率。利用该系统对编号为0203,0209,0212,0417和0419的5个TC进行的定位试验结果表明:利用该系统进行TC定位的精度与目前业务定位精度相当,具有良好业务应用前景。

Supported by system integrating GIS technology, an objective TC （Tropical Cyclone） center positioning much data and arithmetic is performed. All kinds of vector and raster layer data, such as Quikscat wind distribution On the ocean, weather state, torecast state, different satellite images and different band images of the same satellite, are super positioned together and analyzed in this system. It is helpful to show TC characters in many ways. Many TC center positioning methods, such as analyzing cloud form, finding the warmest point on cloud and eroding or dilating cloud image to find TC center, are synthesized to make TC center positioning more objective, precision and roboticized, centers of 0203, 0209, 0212, 0417 and 0419 TC are positioned by this system. The result shows that the precision of this system is close to that of operation TC center positioning. It proves that this system could be applied in operation.