干旱区棉花优质高效节水栽培技术试验研究

Reseatch on High-quality and Water-efficient Production Techniques for Cotton in Arid Areas

在干旱缺水、无霜期短、有效活动积温低的棉花超早熟地区，在足墒播种的条件下，采用地膜覆盖和矮杆密植的栽培技术，生育期适度控水，适宜土壤水分现蕾期不低于５５％，花铃期不低于４５％，吐絮后４５～３５％以下，生育期干旱年份灌水３次，一般年份灌水２次，多雨年份灌水１次，灌水定额１９５０～７５０ｍ３／ｈａ，可控制作物贪青徒长，减少耗水，促其早熟高产、优质。在耗水量３６００～４０５０ｍ３／ｈａ时，单产皮棉１５００ｋｇ／ｈａ，绒长４０ｍｍ，衣分３５％以上。灌水只是春小麦，春小麦─玉米“带田”、瓜类６６％、４４％、７２％，而效益分别是３、１．１６、１．１１倍。

In arid areas with a short non-frost period and low effective accumulative temperature, cotton matures much earlier than in other regions.Under such cotton growing conditions,if cotton are sown when soil moisture is adequate,the combined use of the technique of plastic film mulching and dense cultivation, the regulation of soil moisture during the growing season and proper numbers of irrigation,will control fast growth of cotton plant,reduce water consumption, promote earlier ripening and achieve high yield and quality.The regulation of soil moisture denotes the control of favourable status of soil moisture which are expressed as the percentage of soil moisture content to field water holding capacity. They are kept at hot less than 55% during budding; not less than 45% during flowering and below 45 -35% post boll-opening. The numbers of irrigation during growing period are three times in a dry yrar; twice in a normal year and once in a wet year. Irrigation norm is 1950-750m3/ha. With a water consumption of 3600-4050m3/ha, cotton yield reached 1500kg/ha, dawn length 40mm and cotton fibre over 35%. Water application for cotton was 66% of that for spring wheat; 44% for spring wheat interplanted with corn and 72% for melons. However,the benefit was 3, 1. 16 and 1. 11 times of them respectively.