论竟陵派出现的契机及钟谭的诗歌创作

On the appearance of Jingling school and Zhong and Tan's poetry

晚明时期,经济因素、社会生活、思想界、文学界的种种变化以及上层统治者的执政表现等导致了文学领域“公安派”等重真情、重自我、重现世的文学流派的兴起。然不久又出现了虽讲文学写性灵却又崇古尚厚、写“幽情单绪”的“竟陵派”。出现这种现象的原因主要是:中国古代有一种极为深固的以古为高、蔑视下俚的审美心理基础,容易导致对俚俗的反拨;晚明本身就有一种有别于狂禅的主张渐修的思想流派;“破舟漏屋”般的朝政与每况愈下的形势又使文人充满无奈与失望,只能缩回到内心的天地。诗文“代而趋下”的观念也使他们只能到古人那里找致“厚”的良方。这些观念决定了竟陵派的创作面貌。但钟谭二人的创作是同中有异的。

Lots of changes took place in economy, society, thought, literature in the late Ming Dynasty, and all these together with the poor performance of the government had led to the rise of ＇ Gongan school＇ stressed the author＇ s concern with reality in expressing himself. But another literary school called ＂Jingling , which ＂ came out soon. Both of them emphasized emotion, but the latter advocated profound ancient civilization as well as exquisite feelings. Such phenomenon had resulted from the fact that there had been a tradition since ancient China that advocated classic elegance and disdained the common. And it always wished to bring classic elegance back to poetry. A school of thought differed from the tenet of South Zen which advocated cultivation that originally existed during the Ming Dynasty; While intelligentsia were despaired of the tumbledown regime and were forced to withdrew into solitude. Poets believed that poetry of their time was deteriorating, and they tried to seek good recipe in ancient times. All these constitute features of Jingling poetry. However, there are still some differences between Zhong and Tan＇ s writings.