何以“当大事”——双凤村丧葬个案的人类学分析

Why Treat It as the Important Event?——The anthropological analysis of a case study of the funeral of the village of Shuangfeng

从文化意义框架和社会互动模式之间的不和谐来解释一些仪式中的矛盾冲突的分析方法是极具启示性的。这种分析是对一味强调文化的平衡系统、社会的内部稳定以及永恒的结构从而难以理解急剧变迁的社会生活中的各种矛盾的功能主义的超越,是人类学话语空间扩展。土家族山寨双凤村的一个充满了种种冲突的葬礼,则凸显了文化以及社会内部的矛盾因素是造成社区生活冲突的更为内在也更为重要的因素。仪式的举行还表明了遵守传统规则的必要性,而作为一种实践活动,遵守规则还意味着制定规则以及改变规则。

We can be greatly inspired by the analysis of some ritual conflicts through the disagreement between the cultural framework and the social interaction pattern. This analysis surpasses functionalism, which blindly emphasizes the balance system, the inner stability of society and the everlasting structure, which, of course, is always at a loss to explain the rapid change of all kinds of conflicts in our social life. So this analysis enlarges the anthropological discourse scope. The funeral full of all kinds of conflicts in Shuangfeng, a hilly village of Tujia, well illustrates that the conflicts between culture and inner society. This is the innermost and most important factors. The carrying- out of ritual also indicates the necessity of obeying traditional regulations and as a practical activity, obeying regulations also means constructing and changing regulations.